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However the date the conflict began is not the issue at hand, but the reasons behind the conflict. For hundreds of years there have been tensions in Northern Ireland between Catholics and Protestants. This essay will argue that the conflict in Northern Ireland is best to be understood through the internal differences of the Northern people. The conflict in Northern Ireland is based on religious, cultural and economic differences. In relation to religion, tension has always been intense. The Protestants and the Catholics of Northern Ireland have been in disagreement for years. The Protestants have always feared the Catholics and have seen them as a threat to their society. This has led to mass discrimination against the Catholic community in Northern Ireland, resulting in conflict. The issue of religious identity became an obvious way to understand how the Northern Irish conflict came about. Cultural differences are also to be examined if one is to understand the conflict in Northern Ireland. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Question or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Catholics and the Protestants have different cultures and this has led to conflict in the past. The Catholics have traditionally identified themselves as Irish whereas the Protestants have viewed themselves as English. This cultural clash resulted in the Northern conflict. Economically in Northern Ireland in the twentieth century there were a lot of issues regarding unemployment and housing, where Catholics were being denied basic rights and were being treated like second class citizens in relation to jobs and housing selection. The conflict in Northern Ireland can be understood as an internal issue based on differences. For the Northern Ireland conflict, religion was the single most important difference in understanding the conflict. It became a socially and politically important factor when attempting to comprehend the conflict and understand it fully. The division between the Catholics and the Protestants became a critical one when examining the conflict in Northern Ireland conflict. Conflict between Protestants and Catholics was centred on questions of doctrine and religious organisation. The intensity of the conflict in Northern Ireland changed with time, but there was a continuity regarding the issues that separated the two religions. Protestants viewed Catholics as people that were steeped in superstition and that were kept ignorant by the word of God. Catholics saw Protestants as a group of heresies that were destined for eternal damnation. Doctrinal differences also became a source of conflict for the two religions of Northern Ireland. The conflict between the Protestants and the Catholics in Northern Ireland has always had a clear theological basis, but it has also always led to further intensity because of its relationship with political differences and social structure. If we examine the Northern Ireland conflict through religious differences on a social and a political level, it can allow for a better understanding of the conflict. Distinctively in Northern Ireland, Catholics have always belonged to the poorest groups of society. Protestants have always belonged to the middle class. The Catholic population of Northern Ireland have traditionally always been marginalised and denied basic civil rights such as a right to vote and a right to fair employment. The two denominations have also differed greatly in their access to political power in the past. These religious differences were deeply embedded in the minds of all Northern Irish people. There was an element of siege mentality in the minds of northern people, each group feeling victimized. Religious identity was dominant and is expressed at many different levels which are secular. To a large extent this is driven by mutual suspicion and fear. Since the siege of Derry in 1689, the Protestant and Catholic divide was very prevalent in Northern Ireland. With the introduction of the Special Powers act in 1922, the discrimination against Catholics was more obvious than ever before. This act gave sweeping powers to the government and the police to do virtually anything necessary to re-establish or preserve law and order. The act continued to be used against the Catholic nationalist community long after the violence of this period had come to an end. The Catholics were seen as a threat to the Protestants in many ways. Catholics wanted to force the Protestants into a united Ireland. Also the fact that Catholics had much larger families than Protestants was another large threat. The Catholics were being greatly discriminated against however. When it came to civil rights, the Catholic population in the North were second class citizens. Issues like gerrymandering; lack of â€Å"one man, one vote† for government; discrimination in allocation of housing and jobs were real injustices. The extent of the religious differences in the Northern Irish conflict really shines a light on the intensity of internal differences. Religion may not have sparked the troubles in Northern Ireland, but it was a crutch for people to dwell on throughout this conflict. There were notable cultural differences between the Protestants and the Catholics during the conflict in Northern Ireland that enable us to understand the troubles more effectively. There was a clear and strong difference in the identification of one’s nationality, despite all living in the same region. In Northern Ireland, Catholics gradually developed into a single cultural group. This was a distinct â€Å"Catholic Irish Community†. They identified themselves as Irish, and as citizens of the Irish Republic. Catholics would define themselves uniquely in terms of their Gaelic ancestry. The Protestants, however, were supporters of the monarchy and considered themselves to be British people and members of the United Kingdom. This culture of ethnicity was a key difference in the reason for the conflict in the North. The importance of ethnicity as a cultural is difficult to determine because of its close affiliation with religion. It is clear that of the two variables, religion and ethnic culture, religion was stronger and when these two variables clashed, religion won as a more important difference. Despite this, the way in which Northern Irish people identified themselves, be it English or Irish, became a major reason for the conflict because the two groups had conflicting ideals and desires. Cultural traditions between Catholics and the Protestants were also very different. These traditions frequently clashed, thus resulting in conflict. Protestants and Catholics differed on many traditional levels such as family traditions, education, sport and language, Unionist culture and Republican culture. Traditionally in Northern Ireland, Catholic families were much larger in size to the Protestants’. This growing number of Catholics in the North of Ireland worried the Protestants as it was deemed a threat to their majority status. This cultural difference led to increased tensions in Northern Ireland. The relationship between education and cultural differences in Northern Ireland is a close one. Education was used as a tool in the North to spread the ideals of Catholicism or Protestantism. Catholic children were educated in Catholic denominational schools by Catholic teachers. Tensions built up surrounding the idea of segregated schooling. An early sign of these tensions was a small revolt against the education authorities in 1922 by Catholic schools. The segregation in the schooling system in Northern Ireland instilled a division among the young Catholics and Protestants. Sean Farren states that educational issues did not provoke the modern Troubles but the variety of educational controversies did underline the range and scale of the fissures within Northern Ireland. The differences between the two groups were made clear through sectarian education. The way in which Catholics and Protestants behaved in daily activities became a major difference in relation to understanding the Northern Irish conflict. Sport and other leisure activities are not the basis of the conflict, but the trivia of everyday life in a deeply divided society. In Northern Ireland there was an emphasis on curricular differences and extra-curricular activities. Almost none of the Catholic secondary schools in Northern Ireland played rugby or cricket. Traditional Irish games such as Gaelic football, hurling and handball were not permitted to be played in schools run by the state. In games that were widely played, for example soccer, Protestants and Catholics rarely played on the same pitch. Sport was a means of basing a division on. In Northern Ireland in the twentieth century, the main reason for the deep division in extra -curricular activities was the close relationship between sport and politics. The Gaelic Athletic Association was very closely linked with political and cultural nationalism. Up until 1971, the GAA had a ban on any of its members playing or attending any â€Å"foreign games† such as rugby and hockey. This difference within the two sporting worlds of Northern Ireland allows us to understand the conflict clearly. Another traditional difference that deeply divided the Protestants and the Catholics was the issue of language. The Irish language became a pressing issue for the Catholic people of the North. The Irish language was part of the Catholic people’s identity and tied them to the republic. The protestant people had bad feelings about the Irish language. Irish was taught only in Catholic schools. This issue of difference of language heightened tensions in the North. One of the main cultural differences which arguable sparked off the Troubles in Northern Ireland was the difference between the Unionist culture and the Nationalist culture. Nationalism and Unionism are conflicting bases of culture and political identity. The major distinct difference between Unionists and Nationalists emerged as part of the constitutional change effected by Act of Union 1800. Unionists desire that Northern Ireland remain as part of the United Kingdom, whereas Nationalists aim to become part of Ireland, and make the island one single nation. Nineteenth century Nationalism advanced the concept of the nation as a self-determining community with its own unique history and culture, offering and demanding from all its members a strong identification, commitment and loyalty, and claiming the right to pursue its destiny by means of a state of its own. This cultural difference led to the establishment of paramilitary forces and mass support for these organisations, for example the IRA and the UDA. These groups focused on achieving these cultural desires by any means possible, usually resorting to violence. This cultural difference was arguably the most important because the cultural beliefs lay down what each side longed for, and what each side opposed. The cultural differences in Northern Ireland are what ultimately led to the establishment of dissident groups such as the IRA and the UDA. The cultural differences can be used as a tool by political scientists to understand the Northern Ireland Conflict better. In Northern Ireland leading up to the conflict and during it there were serious economic divisions between the Catholic community and the Protestant community. The northern Irish economy was struggling up until the beginning of the Second World War but began to proper from the 1940s onwards. Despite this new found economic prosperity, many people in Northern Irish society were suffering. There was massive unemployment and a lack of appropriate housing in Northern Ireland in the second half on the twentieth century. The Catholic community were undoubtedly the main victims of the lack of these basic civil rights. In 1969, the Cameron Report was issued by the government of Northern Ireland. It began by saying ‘much of the evidence of grievance and complaint which we heard, when analysed, was found, as might be expected , to be concentrated upon two major issues- housing and employment. Jobs and houses are the things that matte and touch the life of the ordinary man more than issues of â€Å"one man one vote† and the gerrymandering of ward boundaries†. There was a clear difference in employment opportunities between the Catholic community and the Protestant community. Catholic people found it very difficult to find work. According to evidence from the 1971 census discrimination in employment was the normal state of affairs during the period under review. The census shows unemployment among Catholics to be two and one half times the rate among Protestants. . In 1970 there were only 400 Catholics among the 10,000 workers in the provinces single largest employer, the Harland amp; Wolff shipyard. Catholics numbered only a handful in the workforces of the two major factories located in Catholic areas of Belfast. It was advised by prevalent Unionists that giving Catholics jobs was a bad idea. This meant many Catholics had to leave Northern Ireland for work purposes. The difference in job opportunities in the North of Ireland allows us to understand the conflict in a more rounded way. The lack of civil rights for Catholics transformed the conflict itself, and it became less about violence and more about equality. In Northern Ireland, more Protestants than Catholics actually owned their house, according to the Loyalty Survey. Therefore, Catholics were in greater need of council housing than were Protestants. In Northern Ireland more Catholics than Protestants lived in council housing and a smaller percentage of Catholic families were allocated council housing. Only 11 of 73 local councils in Northern Ireland were controlled by anti-Unionists in 1968, representing a population of only 96,500 out of a total population of 1,425,042. Thus, even if discrimination by councils were equal, the brunt of it would fall on the Catholic population. The clear difference between Catholics and Protestants in relation to social welfare and housing can be seen as a reason for the intense conflict in the North of Ireland. A person could only vote in an election if they owned property, which was not the case for many Catholics, thus leading to unfair elections. This, on top of serious gerrymandering, led to Catholics losing elections. The issue of economic differences is what led to the foundation of the SDLP party. The SDLP were promoting equal rights and opportunities for both Catholics and Protestants. Focusing on the economic differences in Northern Ireland at this time, allows us to understand the extent of the internal conflict between Catholics and Protestants. For so many years Northern Ireland was a volatile and conflict ridden region. This conflict came to a halt in 1998 with the signing and publication of the Good Friday Agreement. In 1998, Ulster’s armed forces came together and signed a joint peace agreement in the city of Belfast. The agreement, known by the Catholics as the Good Friday Agreement and known by the Protestants as the Belfast Agreement, was designed to bring paramilitaries in Northern Ireland out of violence by bringing them into the political system of the Province. The agreement itself required that paramilitary organisations, such as the Irish Republican Army, decommission their weapons within two years of the agreement and that a power sharing assembly would be established to include both paramilitary and traditional political parties. The troubles in Northern Ireland were in no way simple. Everything about the conflict was and still is complicated. The main religious argument was that the Protestants feared Catholics and they’re possible power. Catholics believed that they had been persecuted/ discriminated against because of religion. Unionists said that religious values needed to be protected. This issue of internal religious identity became an obvious way to understand why the conflict in Northern Ireland came about. There were many internal cultural differences between the Catholic people and the Protestant people that can be used to understand the conflict in Northern Ireland. The Catholic community, for the most part identified themselves as Irish. However the Protestants identified themselves as British people, and part of the United Kingdom. Economically at this time there were a lot of issues regarding unemployment and housing, where the Catholics were being left out hugely. Essay question free essay sample The OCCUR program was based on the International Association of Chiefs of Police (ICP) which started around the sasss. It was meant to create crime statistics that could be analyzed. In 1930 congress authorized the U. S attorney general to survey crime in America, and the FBI was In charge of the program. There were seven specific crimes that were Involved in the reporting they were: murder, and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, burglary, aggravated assault, larceny and motto vehicle theft. This was all done through a monthly report.The first report was In January of 1930 and it Involved 400 cities thought the United States and Involving 20 million people. The FBI was In charge of data clearing, organizing, collecting, and dispersing the information that was submitted by local, state, federal and tribal law enforcement agencies. The I-JAR was a primary tool that collected and looked over data. There were many meetings in the asses to figure out what needed to be changed and them make the necessary changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay question or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That Is when the Blueprint for the Future of the OCCUR program was created.It said that the report should be divided into two categories which part one would include more serious crimes and the other report for more commonly reported crime. Then In 2003 CUR information was brought together from 16,000 agencies which represented about 93 percent of the population. NIBS stands for Incident- based reporting system which involves agencies to collect data on crime that occurs. NIBS data comes from local, state, and federal records. NIBS collect data within 22 offense that happen which makes up to 46 specific crimes which they refer to as theGroup A offenses. Each offense that happens Is reported. There are also 11 group B offense categories which only arrest data get reported for those. The NIBS collects information about crimes committed using a computer; the Summary system does not. The NIBS collects more comprehensive data about drug offenses than the Summary system. In some reporting the Hierarchy Rule takes in effect when It comes to multiple offenses. If more than one crime was committed by the same person then the highest crime is reported.Agencies do not use the Hierarchy Rule in NIBS. If more than one crime was committed by the same person then all of the crimes are reported as offenses within the same Incident. The Summary reporting system has 1 OFF aggravated assault. Then there is Crimes against property which is robbery, burglary, and larceny-theft. In the NIBS, there was a third category added which is crimes against Society which includes drugs or narcotic offenses. Today there are reports made from Crime in the United States, National Incident-Based Reporting.